AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS offers an unforgettable underwater journey in the heart of Paris. Situated near the Eiffel Tower, this venue holds a capacity of around 500,000 liters of water. The aquarium showcases a diverse marine life, featuring over 10,000 specimens including sharks, colorful fish, and fascinating invertebrates. Visitors often praise the shark tunnel and the interactive exhibits, making it a favorite destination for families. The Aquarium de Paris also has a history of hosting educational programs and events, aiming to raise awareness about marine conservation. User reviews highlight the stunning displays and engaging presentations, making it a must-visit attraction during October.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS offers an unforgettable underwater journey in the heart of Paris. Situated near the Eiffel Tower, this venue holds a capacity of around 500,000 liters of water. The aquarium showcases a diverse marine life, featuring over 10,000 specimens including sharks, colorful fish, and fascinating invertebrates. Visitors often praise the shark tunnel and the interactive exhibits, making it a favorite destination for families. The Aquarium de Paris also has a history of hosting educational programs and events, aiming to raise awareness about marine conservation. User reviews highlight the stunning displays and engaging presentations, making it a must-visit attraction during October.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS - ENTREE DATEE invites you to explore marine biodiversity in the heart of Paris. Situated near the Eiffel Tower, the Aquarium de Paris offers an immersive experience with over 10,000 creatures, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish. The venue features several exhibits, showcasing marine life from various regions. The aquarium has a capacity to host many visitors. Paris itself, with its iconic landmarks and vibrant cultural scene, adds to the allure of this aquatic journey. User reviews highlight the aquarium's educational value and appeal to families, noting the interactive exhibits and shows. Historically, the Aquarium de Paris has been a long-standing attraction, continually updating its displays to enhance visitor engagement. Enjoy a day of discovery and marvel at the underwater world. Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS - ENTREE DATEE invites you to explore marine biodiversity in the heart of Paris. Situated near the Eiffel Tower, the Aquarium de Paris offers an immersive experience with over 10,000 creatures, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish. The venue features several exhibits, showcasing marine life from various regions. The aquarium has a capacity to host many visitors. Paris itself, with its iconic landmarks and vibrant cultural scene, adds to the allure of this aquatic journey. User reviews highlight the aquarium's educational value and appeal to families, noting the interactive exhibits and shows. Historically, the Aquarium de Paris has been a long-standing attraction, continually updating its displays to enhance visitor engagement. Enjoy a day of discovery and marvel at the underwater world. Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS - ENTREE DATEE invites you to explore the depths of marine life in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, the Aquarium de Paris offers a captivating experience for all ages. The venue features 3,500,000 liters of water, housing over 10,000 fish and invertebrates from around the world, including 500 sharks in 43 tanks. Enjoy educational workshops, captivating shows, and interactive exhibits. The aquarium is situated in Paris, a city celebrated for its rich history, art, and culture, adding to the overall allure of the visit. User reviews often highlight the diverse marine life and engaging presentations as standout features. Be sure to mark your calendars for this unforgettable underwater journey in October.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS - ENTREE DATEE invites you to explore the depths of marine life in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, the Aquarium de Paris offers a captivating experience for all ages. The venue features 3,500,000 liters of water, housing over 10,000 fish and invertebrates from around the world, including 500 sharks in 43 tanks. Enjoy educational workshops, captivating shows, and interactive exhibits. The aquarium is situated in Paris, a city celebrated for its rich history, art, and culture, adding to the overall allure of the visit. User reviews often highlight the diverse marine life and engaging presentations as standout features. Be sure to mark your calendars for this unforgettable underwater journey in October.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the mesmerizing underwater world in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue boasts a capacity to host many marine enthusiasts, featuring diverse marine life exhibits and interactive displays. The aquarium has a rich history of educating and entertaining visitors. Paris itself, a city renowned for its arts, culture, and historical landmarks, provides the perfect backdrop for this aquatic adventure. User reviews often highlight the aquarium's central location and the quality of its exhibits. Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the mesmerizing underwater world in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue boasts a capacity to host many marine enthusiasts, featuring diverse marine life exhibits and interactive displays. The aquarium has a rich history of educating and entertaining visitors. Paris itself, a city renowned for its arts, culture, and historical landmarks, provides the perfect backdrop for this aquatic adventure. User reviews often highlight the aquarium's central location and the quality of its exhibits. Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the wonders of the underwater world. Situated in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this aquarium boasts a diverse collection of marine life, offering an educational and mesmerizing experience for all ages. The venue features over 500 species, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish, in its 3.5 million liter tanks. Participate in interactive workshops and captivating shows. Reviews highlight the aquarium's commitment to conservation and engaging exhibits. Founded in 1867, the Aquarium de Paris offers a memorable outing for families and marine enthusiasts. Make sure to secure your entry for an unforgettable day in October.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the wonders of the underwater world. Situated in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this aquarium boasts a diverse collection of marine life, offering an educational and mesmerizing experience for all ages. The venue features over 500 species, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish, in its 3.5 million liter tanks. Participate in interactive workshops and captivating shows. Reviews highlight the aquarium's commitment to conservation and engaging exhibits. Founded in 1867, the Aquarium de Paris offers a memorable outing for families and marine enthusiasts. Make sure to secure your entry for an unforgettable day in October.

Parc Asterix

Discover Parc Asterix in Plailly, near Paris, a theme park celebrating the beloved Asterix comics. Parc Asterix features a variety of attractions, from thrilling roller coasters like OzIris and Tonnerre 2 Zeus to family-friendly shows and attractions based on the iconic characters. Located in the Oise department, Plailly offers a charming French experience. Parc Asterix is known for its immersive theming and lively atmosphere, drawing visitors from across Europe. Past visitor reviews highlight the park's unique blend of thrills and nostalgia, making it a memorable destination for all ages. The park's detailed recreation of the Asterix universe and engaging live performances contribute to its popularity.

Discover Parc Asterix in Plailly, near Paris, a theme park celebrating the beloved Asterix comics. Parc Asterix features a variety of attractions, from thrilling roller coasters like OzIris and Tonnerre 2 Zeus to family-friendly shows and attractions based on the iconic characters. Located in the Oise department, Plailly offers a charming French experience. Parc Asterix is known for its immersive theming and lively atmosphere, drawing visitors from across Europe. Past visitor reviews highlight the park's unique blend of thrills and nostalgia, making it a memorable destination for all ages. The park's detailed recreation of the Asterix universe and engaging live performances contribute to its popularity.

France Miniature

FRANCE MINIATURE offers a unique way to explore the iconic landmarks of France in a single day. Nestled in Elancourt, near Paris, this park recreates the country's most famous monuments and landscapes on a 1/30 scale. Wander through meticulously crafted miniature versions of the Eiffel Tower, Château de Chambord, and the French Riviera. Elancourt itself is a modern town in the Yvelines department, known for its green spaces and family-friendly environment, making it an ideal location for this attraction. France Miniature provides an educational and entertaining experience for all ages, allowing visitors to appreciate the rich history and cultural heritage of France in an interactive setting. User reviews often praise the park's attention to detail and the immersive nature of the exhibits.

FRANCE MINIATURE offers a unique way to explore the iconic landmarks of France in a single day. Nestled in Elancourt, near Paris, this park recreates the country's most famous monuments and landscapes on a 1/30 scale. Wander through meticulously crafted miniature versions of the Eiffel Tower, Château de Chambord, and the French Riviera. Elancourt itself is a modern town in the Yvelines department, known for its green spaces and family-friendly environment, making it an ideal location for this attraction. France Miniature provides an educational and entertaining experience for all ages, allowing visitors to appreciate the rich history and cultural heritage of France in an interactive setting. User reviews often praise the park's attention to detail and the immersive nature of the exhibits.

DISNEYLAND PARIS

Immerse yourself in the enchanting world of DISNEY BILLET DATE 4 JOURS at Disneyland Paris. Disneyland Paris, located in Marne-la-Vallée, is more than just a theme park; it's a complete resort destination. The park, known for its magical atmosphere and array of attractions, has been a family favorite since its opening. Marne-la-Vallée itself offers a blend of urban convenience and green spaces, making it an ideal location for a memorable getaway. Whether you're reliving childhood memories or creating new ones, Disneyland Paris promises an unforgettable experience for all ages. The park’s capacity to host thousands ensures a vibrant and exciting atmosphere. Generations have enjoyed the magic of Disney here, and reviews often highlight the park’s immersive theming and top-notch entertainment. Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

Immerse yourself in the enchanting world of DISNEY BILLET DATE 4 JOURS at Disneyland Paris. Disneyland Paris, located in Marne-la-Vallée, is more than just a theme park; it's a complete resort destination. The park, known for its magical atmosphere and array of attractions, has been a family favorite since its opening. Marne-la-Vallée itself offers a blend of urban convenience and green spaces, making it an ideal location for a memorable getaway. Whether you're reliving childhood memories or creating new ones, Disneyland Paris promises an unforgettable experience for all ages. The park’s capacity to host thousands ensures a vibrant and exciting atmosphere. Generations have enjoyed the magic of Disney here, and reviews often highlight the park’s immersive theming and top-notch entertainment. Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

DISNEYLAND PARIS

DISNEY BILLET DATE 3 JOURS at Disneyland Paris promises an unforgettable experience. Disneyland Paris, located in Marne-la-Vallée, offers a magical escape with its two theme parks, Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park. Marne-la-Vallée, a new town east of Paris, is designed as a family-friendly destination, blending urban development with green spaces. Disneyland Park, reminiscent of the original Disneyland in California, features classic attractions like "It's a Small World" and "Space Mountain." Walt Disney Studios Park delves into the world of filmmaking, showcasing attractions based on Disney and Pixar movies. The resort also boasts numerous hotels, dining options, and entertainment venues, ensuring a comprehensive Disney experience. With a blend of thrilling rides, enchanting shows, and character meet-and-greets, Disneyland Paris provides a unique adventure for visitors of all ages.

DISNEY BILLET DATE 3 JOURS at Disneyland Paris promises an unforgettable experience. Disneyland Paris, located in Marne-la-Vallée, offers a magical escape with its two theme parks, Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park. Marne-la-Vallée, a new town east of Paris, is designed as a family-friendly destination, blending urban development with green spaces. Disneyland Park, reminiscent of the original Disneyland in California, features classic attractions like "It's a Small World" and "Space Mountain." Walt Disney Studios Park delves into the world of filmmaking, showcasing attractions based on Disney and Pixar movies. The resort also boasts numerous hotels, dining options, and entertainment venues, ensuring a comprehensive Disney experience. With a blend of thrilling rides, enchanting shows, and character meet-and-greets, Disneyland Paris provides a unique adventure for visitors of all ages.

DISNEYLAND PARIS

DISNEY BILLET DATE 1 JOUR offers an enchanting experience at Disneyland Paris, a renowned entertainment destination. Located in Marne La Vallee, a town known for its proximity to the French capital and its dedication to leisure and recreation. Disneyland Paris boasts a vast array of attractions, shows, and parades that bring beloved Disney stories to life. The park, celebrated for its immersive environments and high-quality entertainment, accommodates thousands of visitors daily. With themed lands, thrilling rides, and captivating character meet-and-greets, Disneyland Paris continues to be a favorite for families and Disney enthusiasts. Previous visitors have lauded the park's attention to detail and the magical atmosphere it provides, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking adventure and nostalgia. Background: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

DISNEY BILLET DATE 1 JOUR offers an enchanting experience at Disneyland Paris, a renowned entertainment destination. Located in Marne La Vallee, a town known for its proximity to the French capital and its dedication to leisure and recreation. Disneyland Paris boasts a vast array of attractions, shows, and parades that bring beloved Disney stories to life. The park, celebrated for its immersive environments and high-quality entertainment, accommodates thousands of visitors daily. With themed lands, thrilling rides, and captivating character meet-and-greets, Disneyland Paris continues to be a favorite for families and Disney enthusiasts. Previous visitors have lauded the park's attention to detail and the magical atmosphere it provides, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking adventure and nostalgia. Background: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

DISNEYLAND PARIS

DISNEY BILLET DATE 2 JOURS invites you to experience the enchantment of DISNEYLAND PARIS. Located in Marne La Vallee, a charming town in the Île-de-France region known for its beautiful landscapes, Disneyland Paris offers a magical escape. The park boasts two distinct parks, Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park, each filled with unique attractions and entertainment. Disneyland Park is themed around fairy tales and classic Disney characters, while Walt Disney Studios Park delves into the world of filmmaking and behind-the-scenes movie magic. With a capacity to host tens of thousands of guests daily, the park offers a range of dining and shopping options. Prepare for an unforgettable adventure filled with wonder and excitement.

DISNEY BILLET DATE 2 JOURS invites you to experience the enchantment of DISNEYLAND PARIS. Located in Marne La Vallee, a charming town in the Île-de-France region known for its beautiful landscapes, Disneyland Paris offers a magical escape. The park boasts two distinct parks, Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park, each filled with unique attractions and entertainment. Disneyland Park is themed around fairy tales and classic Disney characters, while Walt Disney Studios Park delves into the world of filmmaking and behind-the-scenes movie magic. With a capacity to host tens of thousands of guests daily, the park offers a range of dining and shopping options. Prepare for an unforgettable adventure filled with wonder and excitement.

JARDIN D'ACCLIMATATION

Experience the allure of PASS JARDIN MALIN at the historic Jardin d'Acclimatation. Nestled in Paris, this venue, dating back to 1860, offers a blend of amusement and nature. Beyond traditional attractions, the Jardin boasts beautifully landscaped gardens and unique structures. Paris, known for its iconic landmarks, adds a layer of cultural richness to your visit. User reviews often highlight the park's charm and suitability for family outings, ensuring a memorable experience for all ages during October.

Experience the allure of PASS JARDIN MALIN at the historic Jardin d'Acclimatation. Nestled in Paris, this venue, dating back to 1860, offers a blend of amusement and nature. Beyond traditional attractions, the Jardin boasts beautifully landscaped gardens and unique structures. Paris, known for its iconic landmarks, adds a layer of cultural richness to your visit. User reviews often highlight the park's charm and suitability for family outings, ensuring a memorable experience for all ages during October.

France Miniature

FRANCE MINIATURE-BILLET MONUMENTAL 2025 invites you to embark on a unique journey through France, experiencing its iconic landmarks on a smaller scale. Located in Élancourt, in the Yvelines department, France Miniature offers an immersive exploration of French culture and heritage. Élancourt, a vibrant town in the Paris region, provides the perfect backdrop for this family-friendly attraction. France Miniature recreates over 117 monuments and scenes, providing an educational and entertaining experience for all ages. Reviews highlight the park's attention to detail and engaging displays, making it a memorable destination for discovering France's architectural wonders. A perfect day out for Family, Other, Miscellaneous.

FRANCE MINIATURE-BILLET MONUMENTAL 2025 invites you to embark on a unique journey through France, experiencing its iconic landmarks on a smaller scale. Located in Élancourt, in the Yvelines department, France Miniature offers an immersive exploration of French culture and heritage. Élancourt, a vibrant town in the Paris region, provides the perfect backdrop for this family-friendly attraction. France Miniature recreates over 117 monuments and scenes, providing an educational and entertaining experience for all ages. Reviews highlight the park's attention to detail and engaging displays, making it a memorable destination for discovering France's architectural wonders. A perfect day out for Family, Other, Miscellaneous.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS welcomes you to an underwater journey in the heart of Paris! Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue boasts a capacity to host thousands of visitors. Discover diverse marine species from around the globe in its numerous tanks. Paris itself, a city renowned for its rich history and culture, adds to the allure of this unique attraction. User reviews consistently praise the Aquarium de Paris for its educational exhibits and family-friendly atmosphere. Explore the depths of the ocean this October at the Aquarium de Paris! Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS welcomes you to an underwater journey in the heart of Paris! Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue boasts a capacity to host thousands of visitors. Discover diverse marine species from around the globe in its numerous tanks. Paris itself, a city renowned for its rich history and culture, adds to the allure of this unique attraction. User reviews consistently praise the Aquarium de Paris for its educational exhibits and family-friendly atmosphere. Explore the depths of the ocean this October at the Aquarium de Paris! Background Family, Other, Miscellaneous

Parc Asterix

Experience the thrill of PARC ASTERIX with the BILLET LIBERTE FLEX 2025. Located in Plailly, near Paris, Parc Asterix offers a diverse range of attractions inspired by the famous Asterix comics. The park boasts exhilarating roller coasters, family-friendly rides, and captivating shows. Drawing inspiration from French history and culture, the park provides an immersive experience for all ages. Plailly, situated in the Oise department, is known for its picturesque landscapes and proximity to historical sites, making it a perfect destination for a memorable family outing. User reviews often praise the park's themed areas and impressive stunt shows. This ticket offers flexibility for planning your visit. Background: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

Experience the thrill of PARC ASTERIX with the BILLET LIBERTE FLEX 2025. Located in Plailly, near Paris, Parc Asterix offers a diverse range of attractions inspired by the famous Asterix comics. The park boasts exhilarating roller coasters, family-friendly rides, and captivating shows. Drawing inspiration from French history and culture, the park provides an immersive experience for all ages. Plailly, situated in the Oise department, is known for its picturesque landscapes and proximity to historical sites, making it a perfect destination for a memorable family outing. User reviews often praise the park's themed areas and impressive stunt shows. This ticket offers flexibility for planning your visit. Background: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the depths of the ocean, showcasing marine life. Located beneath the Jardins du Trocadéro, facing the Eiffel Tower, this aquarium boasts over 13,000 specimens, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish, in nearly 4 million liters of water. The venue features 3,500 square meters of exhibit space and offers interactive experiences, making it a suitable destination for all ages. Paris, a city celebrated for its rich history, art, and culture, provides a backdrop for this aquatic adventure. User reviews emphasize the educational value and interactive displays suitable for family visits. Category: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the depths of the ocean, showcasing marine life. Located beneath the Jardins du Trocadéro, facing the Eiffel Tower, this aquarium boasts over 13,000 specimens, including sharks, jellyfish, and colorful fish, in nearly 4 million liters of water. The venue features 3,500 square meters of exhibit space and offers interactive experiences, making it a suitable destination for all ages. Paris, a city celebrated for its rich history, art, and culture, provides a backdrop for this aquatic adventure. User reviews emphasize the educational value and interactive displays suitable for family visits. Category: Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore an amazing underwater world right in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, the aquarium boasts a capacity to host numerous marine species in large tanks that replicate various aquatic ecosystems. The aquarium features over 10,000 specimens, including sharks, jellyfish, and vibrant coral reefs. Visitors enjoy interactive exhibits, educational workshops, and live shows, making it a perfect destination for families. Paris itself, known for its rich history and cultural landmarks, complements the aquarium's dedication to education and conservation. The aquarium has received positive reviews for its conservation efforts and engaging displays, securing its place as a top attraction. Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore an amazing underwater world right in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, the aquarium boasts a capacity to host numerous marine species in large tanks that replicate various aquatic ecosystems. The aquarium features over 10,000 specimens, including sharks, jellyfish, and vibrant coral reefs. Visitors enjoy interactive exhibits, educational workshops, and live shows, making it a perfect destination for families. Paris itself, known for its rich history and cultural landmarks, complements the aquarium's dedication to education and conservation. The aquarium has received positive reviews for its conservation efforts and engaging displays, securing its place as a top attraction. Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS welcomes you to explore the depths of marine biodiversity. Located in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this venue, with a capacity to host thousands of visitors, offers an unforgettable experience for families and marine enthusiasts. Discover over 10,000 creatures, including sharks, jellyfish, and vibrant coral reefs. Enjoy interactive exhibits and educational presentations that bring the ocean to life. Paris, a city celebrated for its art, history, and culture, provides a stunning backdrop to this underwater world. User reviews highlight the aquarium's commitment to conservation and education.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS welcomes you to explore the depths of marine biodiversity. Located in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this venue, with a capacity to host thousands of visitors, offers an unforgettable experience for families and marine enthusiasts. Discover over 10,000 creatures, including sharks, jellyfish, and vibrant coral reefs. Enjoy interactive exhibits and educational presentations that bring the ocean to life. Paris, a city celebrated for its art, history, and culture, provides a stunning backdrop to this underwater world. User reviews highlight the aquarium's commitment to conservation and education.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the wonders of the underwater world. Located in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this venue offers a unique experience for all ages. The Aquarium de Paris holds over 13,000 specimens, representing more than 350 species from around the globe. Visitors can marvel at sharks, colorful fish, and mesmerizing jellyfish. The aquarium frequently hosts interactive exhibits and educational programs, making it an enriching experience. Paris itself, a city steeped in history and culture, adds to the allure, providing a beautiful backdrop for your aquatic adventure. User reviews highlight the aquarium's impressive displays and family-friendly atmosphere.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore the wonders of the underwater world. Located in the heart of Paris, near the Eiffel Tower, this venue offers a unique experience for all ages. The Aquarium de Paris holds over 13,000 specimens, representing more than 350 species from around the globe. Visitors can marvel at sharks, colorful fish, and mesmerizing jellyfish. The aquarium frequently hosts interactive exhibits and educational programs, making it an enriching experience. Paris itself, a city steeped in history and culture, adds to the allure, providing a beautiful backdrop for your aquatic adventure. User reviews highlight the aquarium's impressive displays and family-friendly atmosphere.

AQUARIUM DE PARIS

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore marine life in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue holds over 10,000 specimens and 500 species, offering an underwater journey for families and marine enthusiasts. The aquarium features 38 tanks holding 3 million liters of water, including a shark tunnel where visitors can walk beneath gliding sharks. It also provides educational workshops, films, and interactive exhibits. The city of Paris provides a scenic backdrop, blending cultural richness with aquatic discovery, making it a memorable experience. Reviews often highlight the shark tunnel and jellyfish exhibits as must-see attractions. Family, Other, Miscellaneous

AQUARIUM DE PARIS invites you to explore marine life in the heart of Paris. Located near the Eiffel Tower, this venue holds over 10,000 specimens and 500 species, offering an underwater journey for families and marine enthusiasts. The aquarium features 38 tanks holding 3 million liters of water, including a shark tunnel where visitors can walk beneath gliding sharks. It also provides educational workshops, films, and interactive exhibits. The city of Paris provides a scenic backdrop, blending cultural richness with aquatic discovery, making it a memorable experience. Reviews often highlight the shark tunnel and jellyfish exhibits as must-see attractions. Family, Other, Miscellaneous