Vibe Checked: Best Things to do in Reims! - Page 5

Paris

Paris Sidecar Excursion offers a unique sightseeing adventure with a vintage sidecar and a fun guide. Explore iconic landmarks and hidden gems in Montmartre. Enjoy personalized hotel transfers. Experience Paris in a thrilling and memorable way. This tour is suitable for those looking for a fun and exciting way to explore Paris.

Paris Sidecar Excursion offers a unique sightseeing adventure with a vintage sidecar and a fun guide. Explore iconic landmarks and hidden gems in Montmartre. Enjoy personalized hotel transfers. Experience Paris in a thrilling and memorable way. This tour is suitable for those looking for a fun and exciting way to explore Paris.

Paris

The Emily in Paris Vintage Sidecar Experience offers a unique 3-hour tour of iconic Parisian landmarks and secret filming locations. Enjoy 360-degree views from a vintage sidecar with a professional pilot, visiting sites like the Eiffel Tower, Montmartre and Emily's apartment. Perfect for fans and stylish adventurers.

The Emily in Paris Vintage Sidecar Experience offers a unique 3-hour tour of iconic Parisian landmarks and secret filming locations. Enjoy 360-degree views from a vintage sidecar with a professional pilot, visiting sites like the Eiffel Tower, Montmartre and Emily's apartment. Perfect for fans and stylish adventurers.

Paris

Experience Parisian sophistication with a sidecar tour to the Louis Vuitton Foundation. Enjoy pre-reserved tickets and explore the museum's stunning art and architecture. A unique blend of art, fashion, and city sightseeing, offering a memorable cultural journey through Paris before independently returning.

Experience Parisian sophistication with a sidecar tour to the Louis Vuitton Foundation. Enjoy pre-reserved tickets and explore the museum's stunning art and architecture. A unique blend of art, fashion, and city sightseeing, offering a memorable cultural journey through Paris before independently returning.

Paris

Louvre: Highlights and hidden pearls in MINI groups/SKIP the line offers an immersive two-hour tour led by experts. Uncover masterpieces and hidden spaces, enriched with verified stories and thrilling background. Ideal for all ages, the tour blends art with history. Entry tickets not included; purchase assistance is available.

Louvre: Highlights and hidden pearls in MINI groups/SKIP the line offers an immersive two-hour tour led by experts. Uncover masterpieces and hidden spaces, enriched with verified stories and thrilling background. Ideal for all ages, the tour blends art with history. Entry tickets not included; purchase assistance is available.

Versailles

Versailles Palace Half Day Bike Tour offers a magical escape to Versailles, experiencing the highlights of this iconic destination in just an afternoon. This bike tour is perfect for those wanting to explore the palace grounds in a fun and active way. The adventure begins as you meet the guide in the heart of Versailles and set off on a leisurely ride through the stunning grounds of Versailles Palace. The tour visits Marie Antoinette’s charming Hamlet and shares stories of her extravagant life. Guests pedal along scenic paths to discover the Petit Trianon. The adventure finishes with a visit inside the palace, exploring its opulent halls and legendary rooms, including the dazzling Hall of Mirrors. The tour includes use of a bicycle, entry to the Château and formal gardens, a helmet, a knowledgeable guide, and entry to Marie-Antoinette’s Private Hamlet. Gratuities and lunch are not included.

Versailles Palace Half Day Bike Tour offers a magical escape to Versailles, experiencing the highlights of this iconic destination in just an afternoon. This bike tour is perfect for those wanting to explore the palace grounds in a fun and active way. The adventure begins as you meet the guide in the heart of Versailles and set off on a leisurely ride through the stunning grounds of Versailles Palace. The tour visits Marie Antoinette’s charming Hamlet and shares stories of her extravagant life. Guests pedal along scenic paths to discover the Petit Trianon. The adventure finishes with a visit inside the palace, exploring its opulent halls and legendary rooms, including the dazzling Hall of Mirrors. The tour includes use of a bicycle, entry to the Château and formal gardens, a helmet, a knowledgeable guide, and entry to Marie-Antoinette’s Private Hamlet. Gratuities and lunch are not included.

Paris

Eiffel Tower Access up to the Summit Private Tour by Elevator offers an unforgettable experience for families seeking a personalized journey to the top of Paris's most iconic landmark. This private tour ensures a comfortable and intimate exploration of the Eiffel Tower, traveling by elevator directly to the summit. Imagine standing on the top of the Eiffel Tower, taking in the full panoramic views of Paris. With a knowledgeable guide, families can uncover the history, architecture, and captivating stories behind this world-famous structure. The tour begins at the base, where the guide will lead you through the tower’s history before ascending to the second level via a glass elevator. From there, marvel at the panoramic views of Montmartre, Invalides, and Trocadero. This experience includes Eiffel Tower access up to the summit by elevator, and a local guide to entertain as you explore the Eiffel Tower together. It excludes food and drinks. Enjoy exhibitions and shopping on the second level. This private tour is a perfect way for families to create lasting memories of their visit to Paris.

Eiffel Tower Access up to the Summit Private Tour by Elevator offers an unforgettable experience for families seeking a personalized journey to the top of Paris's most iconic landmark. This private tour ensures a comfortable and intimate exploration of the Eiffel Tower, traveling by elevator directly to the summit. Imagine standing on the top of the Eiffel Tower, taking in the full panoramic views of Paris. With a knowledgeable guide, families can uncover the history, architecture, and captivating stories behind this world-famous structure. The tour begins at the base, where the guide will lead you through the tower’s history before ascending to the second level via a glass elevator. From there, marvel at the panoramic views of Montmartre, Invalides, and Trocadero. This experience includes Eiffel Tower access up to the summit by elevator, and a local guide to entertain as you explore the Eiffel Tower together. It excludes food and drinks. Enjoy exhibitions and shopping on the second level. This private tour is a perfect way for families to create lasting memories of their visit to Paris.

Paris

The Loire Valley Castles Day Trip from Paris lets anyone step into a real-life fairytale! Travel comfortably from Paris to the beautiful Loire Valley in a comfy, air-conditioned bus. You'll feel like royalty for a day as you taste local wines and get to explore three amazing châteaux. An expert, English-speaking guide will keep everyone entertained with interesting stories about the French countryside and the fancy people who used to rule the land. What can you expect? The trip includes visits to the famous Château de Chambord, a huge and fancy castle, and Château de Chenonceau, a beautiful castle that stretches across a river. People also have free time to wander around the charming town of Blois. This day trip gives a peek into French history and culture. The tour includes entrance tickets to Chambord and Chenonceau Castles, a wine tasting at Chenonceau, transportation from Paris in a comfortable bus, and a knowledgeable guide. It doesn't include hotel pickup or drop-off, lunch, or a guided tour inside the castles. This tour is a top product and is known for excellent quality and a low supplier cancellation rate. It is a curated catalog experience that many have enjoyed!

The Loire Valley Castles Day Trip from Paris lets anyone step into a real-life fairytale! Travel comfortably from Paris to the beautiful Loire Valley in a comfy, air-conditioned bus. You'll feel like royalty for a day as you taste local wines and get to explore three amazing châteaux. An expert, English-speaking guide will keep everyone entertained with interesting stories about the French countryside and the fancy people who used to rule the land. What can you expect? The trip includes visits to the famous Château de Chambord, a huge and fancy castle, and Château de Chenonceau, a beautiful castle that stretches across a river. People also have free time to wander around the charming town of Blois. This day trip gives a peek into French history and culture. The tour includes entrance tickets to Chambord and Chenonceau Castles, a wine tasting at Chenonceau, transportation from Paris in a comfortable bus, and a knowledgeable guide. It doesn't include hotel pickup or drop-off, lunch, or a guided tour inside the castles. This tour is a top product and is known for excellent quality and a low supplier cancellation rate. It is a curated catalog experience that many have enjoyed!

Paris

The Louis Vuitton Foundation Exterior Walking Tour and Premium Entry gives special access to art and architecture in Paris. This tour is perfect for people who love art and beautiful buildings. Get to skip the long lines and go straight inside the Louis Vuitton Foundation! The tour starts with a 30-minute walk in the Jardin d'Acclimatation. An expert guide will tell about the Louis Vuitton Foundation, its history, and the design by Frank Gehry. The guide will give an overview of the art inside. After the guided walk, explore the Louis Vuitton Foundation on your own. With this tour, visitors also get free entry to the Jardin d'Acclimatation’s gardens, mini-golf, and zoo. It’s a fun way to relax after seeing the art. Please note that there is no guide inside the foundation, and tips for the tour guide are not included. Also, transportation to and from the meeting point is not provided.

The Louis Vuitton Foundation Exterior Walking Tour and Premium Entry gives special access to art and architecture in Paris. This tour is perfect for people who love art and beautiful buildings. Get to skip the long lines and go straight inside the Louis Vuitton Foundation! The tour starts with a 30-minute walk in the Jardin d'Acclimatation. An expert guide will tell about the Louis Vuitton Foundation, its history, and the design by Frank Gehry. The guide will give an overview of the art inside. After the guided walk, explore the Louis Vuitton Foundation on your own. With this tour, visitors also get free entry to the Jardin d'Acclimatation’s gardens, mini-golf, and zoo. It’s a fun way to relax after seeing the art. Please note that there is no guide inside the foundation, and tips for the tour guide are not included. Also, transportation to and from the meeting point is not provided.

Paris

Louvre Highlights & Mona Lisa tour grants reserved access with an expert guide. Explore masterpieces like the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, and Winged Victory. Enjoy skip-the-line entry and insider insights into iconic works, perfect for art enthusiasts and first-time visitors seeking an intimate Louvre experience.

Louvre Highlights & Mona Lisa tour grants reserved access with an expert guide. Explore masterpieces like the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, and Winged Victory. Enjoy skip-the-line entry and insider insights into iconic works, perfect for art enthusiasts and first-time visitors seeking an intimate Louvre experience.

Paris

Experience Paris in a classic Pink Citroën 2CV with a private guide, exploring landmarks like the Eiffel Tower and Montmartre. Enjoy personalized insights into Parisian culture and history. This car tour offers an immersive and unforgettable adventure through the city's most picturesque locations, with intimate and memorable encounters.

Experience Paris in a classic Pink Citroën 2CV with a private guide, exploring landmarks like the Eiffel Tower and Montmartre. Enjoy personalized insights into Parisian culture and history. This car tour offers an immersive and unforgettable adventure through the city's most picturesque locations, with intimate and memorable encounters.

Paris

Private Opera Garnier Theater 2-Hour Tour in Paris. This is a special walking tour just for the traveler and their group! It's a chance to see the Palais Garnier, which is Paris's beautiful opera house. A guide will show the group around and tell them all about it. Travelers can expect to see amazing things inside. The tour guide will meet the group and take them to see places like the grand staircase and the theater itself. The guide will tell stories about the opera house's history and important people who have been there. This is a great way to learn about art and culture in Paris. It's like stepping back in time to see how fancy people lived! This tour includes entry tickets, so the group won't have to wait in line. Also, the group will have a private guide just for them. But the tour does not include food, drinks, or getting to and from the opera house.

Private Opera Garnier Theater 2-Hour Tour in Paris. This is a special walking tour just for the traveler and their group! It's a chance to see the Palais Garnier, which is Paris's beautiful opera house. A guide will show the group around and tell them all about it. Travelers can expect to see amazing things inside. The tour guide will meet the group and take them to see places like the grand staircase and the theater itself. The guide will tell stories about the opera house's history and important people who have been there. This is a great way to learn about art and culture in Paris. It's like stepping back in time to see how fancy people lived! This tour includes entry tickets, so the group won't have to wait in line. Also, the group will have a private guide just for them. But the tour does not include food, drinks, or getting to and from the opera house.

Paris

Paris - Private walking Food Tour: Explore Saint Germain's trendy district through its culinary scene. Discover secret Parisian lifestyle tips, sample delicious treats from restaurants, bistros, pastry shops, and craft food vendors. Immerse yourself in the area's history, culture, and gastronomic delights on this private experience.

Paris - Private walking Food Tour: Explore Saint Germain's trendy district through its culinary scene. Discover secret Parisian lifestyle tips, sample delicious treats from restaurants, bistros, pastry shops, and craft food vendors. Immerse yourself in the area's history, culture, and gastronomic delights on this private experience.

Paris

Experience the magic of Mont Saint-Michel on a day trip from Paris. This journey takes you to the stunning coast of Normandy, where Mont-Saint-Michel stands proudly as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It's famous for its amazing architecture and history. This tour is perfect for history buffs and anyone wanting to see a beautiful and unique place. You'll travel in a comfy, air-conditioned bus with an English-speaking guide. Once you arrive, you'll have time to explore Mont-Saint-Michel on your own. You can visit the Mont Saint-Michel Abbey with an audio guide (ticket included), walk through the charming streets, and discover why this island is so special. Don't forget to visit Mont Saint-Michel Restaurants for a taste of local food! The tour includes round-trip transport from Paris in a private, air-conditioned bus, free time to explore the island, an audio guide for the Abbey, an English-speaking guide for the entire day, and your entrance ticket to the Abbey. Please note that hotel pickup and drop-off, food and drinks, and tips are not included.

Experience the magic of Mont Saint-Michel on a day trip from Paris. This journey takes you to the stunning coast of Normandy, where Mont-Saint-Michel stands proudly as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It's famous for its amazing architecture and history. This tour is perfect for history buffs and anyone wanting to see a beautiful and unique place. You'll travel in a comfy, air-conditioned bus with an English-speaking guide. Once you arrive, you'll have time to explore Mont-Saint-Michel on your own. You can visit the Mont Saint-Michel Abbey with an audio guide (ticket included), walk through the charming streets, and discover why this island is so special. Don't forget to visit Mont Saint-Michel Restaurants for a taste of local food! The tour includes round-trip transport from Paris in a private, air-conditioned bus, free time to explore the island, an audio guide for the Abbey, an English-speaking guide for the entire day, and your entrance ticket to the Abbey. Please note that hotel pickup and drop-off, food and drinks, and tips are not included.

Paris

Eiffel Tower Access up to 2nd Floor with Summit Option, located in the heart of Paris, offers an unforgettable journey through one of the world's most iconic landmarks. This experience allows visitors to explore the Eiffel Tower's rich history and stunning architecture, guided by an expert with over five years of experience. Visitors start at the tower's base and ascend to the second floor via glass elevator or steps, where they'll be captivated by panoramic views of Paris. The guide will point out famous landmarks, including Notre Dame, the Louvre, Sacre Coeur, and the Statue of Liberty. For an enhanced experience, visitors can upgrade to access the summit, featuring a champagne bar, unique exhibits, and breathtaking viewing platforms. The experience includes access up to the 2nd floor of the Eiffel Tower by stairs OR elevator (depending on option selected). What's included is access to the Eiffel Tower summit by elevator (ONLY if option selected), panoramic views of Paris, including Montmartre, Invalides, Trocadero, and access up to the 2nd floor of the Eiffel Tower by stairs OR elevator (depending on option selected), and a local guide who will entertain you. What's excluded is food and drinks.

Eiffel Tower Access up to 2nd Floor with Summit Option, located in the heart of Paris, offers an unforgettable journey through one of the world's most iconic landmarks. This experience allows visitors to explore the Eiffel Tower's rich history and stunning architecture, guided by an expert with over five years of experience. Visitors start at the tower's base and ascend to the second floor via glass elevator or steps, where they'll be captivated by panoramic views of Paris. The guide will point out famous landmarks, including Notre Dame, the Louvre, Sacre Coeur, and the Statue of Liberty. For an enhanced experience, visitors can upgrade to access the summit, featuring a champagne bar, unique exhibits, and breathtaking viewing platforms. The experience includes access up to the 2nd floor of the Eiffel Tower by stairs OR elevator (depending on option selected). What's included is access to the Eiffel Tower summit by elevator (ONLY if option selected), panoramic views of Paris, including Montmartre, Invalides, Trocadero, and access up to the 2nd floor of the Eiffel Tower by stairs OR elevator (depending on option selected), and a local guide who will entertain you. What's excluded is food and drinks.

Paris

Live, Laugh, Love along the Seine Quest: Explore Paris's Old Town through an interactive city game, blending a walking tour, escape game, and treasure hunt. Uncover hidden history while solving clues with friends or loved ones. Enjoy flexibility with 24/7 availability and offline play for a safe, private adventure.

Live, Laugh, Love along the Seine Quest: Explore Paris's Old Town through an interactive city game, blending a walking tour, escape game, and treasure hunt. Uncover hidden history while solving clues with friends or loved ones. Enjoy flexibility with 24/7 availability and offline play for a safe, private adventure.

Paris

Paris Orsay Museum skip-the-line Tour: Enjoy a kid-friendly exploration of Impressionist art. Tailored for families, specialized guides offer engaging activities and stories, ensuring an enjoyable and educational experience. Discover hidden facts about the museum, art, and artists, fostering a love for art in a fun, memorable way.

Paris Orsay Museum skip-the-line Tour: Enjoy a kid-friendly exploration of Impressionist art. Tailored for families, specialized guides offer engaging activities and stories, ensuring an enjoyable and educational experience. Discover hidden facts about the museum, art, and artists, fostering a love for art in a fun, memorable way.

Paris

Paris Opera Garnier Private Tour offers a special look into one of Paris's most beautiful buildings. This private tour, for up to 10 people, lets visitors explore the stunning Opera Garnier in a personal way. Imagine stepping into a world of art and history as you walk through the Opera Garnier. You'll see amazing rooms and learn about the stories behind this famous place. The tour might include seeing a mythical 17th-century cafe and, of course, the grand Opera Garnier itself. Please note that sometimes access to the main stage and backstage areas may be limited because of rehearsals. This experience includes entrance to the Opéra Garnier. Food, drinks, and personal shopping are not included. Ask about other private tours such as the Louvre, Orsay, culinary or even sensual tours. It’s a chance to really get to know a piece of Paris's heart.

Paris Opera Garnier Private Tour offers a special look into one of Paris's most beautiful buildings. This private tour, for up to 10 people, lets visitors explore the stunning Opera Garnier in a personal way. Imagine stepping into a world of art and history as you walk through the Opera Garnier. You'll see amazing rooms and learn about the stories behind this famous place. The tour might include seeing a mythical 17th-century cafe and, of course, the grand Opera Garnier itself. Please note that sometimes access to the main stage and backstage areas may be limited because of rehearsals. This experience includes entrance to the Opéra Garnier. Food, drinks, and personal shopping are not included. Ask about other private tours such as the Louvre, Orsay, culinary or even sensual tours. It’s a chance to really get to know a piece of Paris's heart.

Paris

Eiffel Tower Elevator Tour with Optional Summit & Cruise Access, located in the heart of Paris, allows visitors to discover the City of Lights' most iconic symbol. Near the base, the tour guide will share the captivating history of the Eiffel Tower, also known as the "Dame de Fer" (Iron Lady). Travelers will have the chance to admire its design from all angles and learn about the engineering that keeps it standing. Visitors will experience breathtaking panoramic views from the 1st and 2nd levels, including a suspended glass floor on the 1st level, using the Eiffel Tower elevators. The tour also offers optional access to the Summit and a Seine River cruise. What's included: An expert English-speaking guide and an entrance ticket to the Eiffel Tower's 2nd floor by elevator. Depending on the option selected, travelers might also receive a Seine River Cruise ticket with a live guide and an entrance ticket to the Eiffel Tower Summit. A glass of Champagne is included with certain options (available until March 31st, 2025). This excludes gratuities, food, and drinks.

Eiffel Tower Elevator Tour with Optional Summit & Cruise Access, located in the heart of Paris, allows visitors to discover the City of Lights' most iconic symbol. Near the base, the tour guide will share the captivating history of the Eiffel Tower, also known as the "Dame de Fer" (Iron Lady). Travelers will have the chance to admire its design from all angles and learn about the engineering that keeps it standing. Visitors will experience breathtaking panoramic views from the 1st and 2nd levels, including a suspended glass floor on the 1st level, using the Eiffel Tower elevators. The tour also offers optional access to the Summit and a Seine River cruise. What's included: An expert English-speaking guide and an entrance ticket to the Eiffel Tower's 2nd floor by elevator. Depending on the option selected, travelers might also receive a Seine River Cruise ticket with a live guide and an entrance ticket to the Eiffel Tower Summit. A glass of Champagne is included with certain options (available until March 31st, 2025). This excludes gratuities, food, and drinks.

Paris

Small Group Paris to Versailles Guided Day Trip & Garden Access invites travelers to step back in time and witness the opulence of French royalty. This tour whisks visitors away from the bustling streets of Paris to the breathtaking Palace of Versailles, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of royal extravagance. Guests will skip the long lines and delve straight into the heart of the palace, exploring its lavishly decorated rooms and learning about the lives of the kings and queens who once called it home. The adventure begins with a comfortable train ride from Paris to Versailles, where a local guide awaits to lead the way. The tour highlights include the world-famous Hall of Mirrors, where treaties were signed and royal celebrations took place. Booking the 1:45 PM tour grants exclusive access to the King's Private Apartments, offering a rare glimpse into the personal lives of the French Royal Family. Afterwards, visitors can roam freely through the palace's expansive gardens, admiring the perfectly manicured lawns, fountains, and sculptures. Don't miss the chance to explore Marie Antoinette's Estate (Trianon), including the Petit Trianon and the Queen's Hamlet, where she sought refuge from courtly life. This small-group walking tour ensures a personalized experience, with a maximum of 15 participants. The tour includes a roundtrip train ticket from Paris to Versailles, skip-the-line access to the palace, and the expertise of a knowledgeable English-speaking guide. This guided experience offers a deep dive into French history and culture, making it an unforgettable day trip from Paris. Guests will also see the Grand Stables Coach Gallery during the visit.

Small Group Paris to Versailles Guided Day Trip & Garden Access invites travelers to step back in time and witness the opulence of French royalty. This tour whisks visitors away from the bustling streets of Paris to the breathtaking Palace of Versailles, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of royal extravagance. Guests will skip the long lines and delve straight into the heart of the palace, exploring its lavishly decorated rooms and learning about the lives of the kings and queens who once called it home. The adventure begins with a comfortable train ride from Paris to Versailles, where a local guide awaits to lead the way. The tour highlights include the world-famous Hall of Mirrors, where treaties were signed and royal celebrations took place. Booking the 1:45 PM tour grants exclusive access to the King's Private Apartments, offering a rare glimpse into the personal lives of the French Royal Family. Afterwards, visitors can roam freely through the palace's expansive gardens, admiring the perfectly manicured lawns, fountains, and sculptures. Don't miss the chance to explore Marie Antoinette's Estate (Trianon), including the Petit Trianon and the Queen's Hamlet, where she sought refuge from courtly life. This small-group walking tour ensures a personalized experience, with a maximum of 15 participants. The tour includes a roundtrip train ticket from Paris to Versailles, skip-the-line access to the palace, and the expertise of a knowledgeable English-speaking guide. This guided experience offers a deep dive into French history and culture, making it an unforgettable day trip from Paris. Guests will also see the Grand Stables Coach Gallery during the visit.

Paris

Explore the newly reopened Notre-Dame Cathedral with the Notre-Dame Cathedral Guided Tour with Reserved Access. This walking tour, led by a local expert, is designed for those eager to discover the heart of Paris. Not only will guests explore the famous exterior with its gargoyles and Gothic beauty but also step inside to witness the cathedral's stunning interior, recently reopened after the 2019 fire. What to Expect: Guests will visit the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral, including access to Notre-Dame Cathedral Interior. This tour provides a deeper, more personal connection to one of Paris’s most iconic landmarks with rich storytelling and hidden details. It also eliminates long lines with reserved entry to Notre-Dame Cathedral interior. The tour includes an expert, English-speaking guide, a 1-hour guided tour (exterior + interior), and a small group (max 20 guests) for an intimate experience, but excludes food & drinks, hotel pick-up/drop-off, and tips (optional).

Explore the newly reopened Notre-Dame Cathedral with the Notre-Dame Cathedral Guided Tour with Reserved Access. This walking tour, led by a local expert, is designed for those eager to discover the heart of Paris. Not only will guests explore the famous exterior with its gargoyles and Gothic beauty but also step inside to witness the cathedral's stunning interior, recently reopened after the 2019 fire. What to Expect: Guests will visit the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral, including access to Notre-Dame Cathedral Interior. This tour provides a deeper, more personal connection to one of Paris’s most iconic landmarks with rich storytelling and hidden details. It also eliminates long lines with reserved entry to Notre-Dame Cathedral interior. The tour includes an expert, English-speaking guide, a 1-hour guided tour (exterior + interior), and a small group (max 20 guests) for an intimate experience, but excludes food & drinks, hotel pick-up/drop-off, and tips (optional).